Logic Text Chapter 5 Solutions

Chapter 5: Vagueness and Bivalence

Basic

Question {5.1}

I will write ’ n ’ for ‘1/2’ as it’s smaller here. You can read it as “neither true nor false”. Each of the following are not L3 tautologies:

p~p
nnnn
~(p&~p)
nnnnn
(p&(pq))q
nnnn0n0
(p~p)~p
n1nnnnn
(p&~p)q
nnnnn0
((pq)p)p
nn01nnn

All of the other formulas are tautologies.